COD. 4095102600 REV. 0 del 16/03/2022
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
800-809065
1371
Coffee machine
ȀĮijİIJȚȑȡİȢ
Fig. 1
Fig. 8 Fig. 10
Fig. 9
Fig. 11
Fig. 16
Fig. 12
Fig. 17 Fig. 19Fig. 18
Fig. 20 Fig. 22
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 21
Fig. 15
Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Fig. 7Fig. 5 Fig. 6
1
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Fig. 26
Fig. 25
Fig. 27
Fig. 29
Fig. 28
Fig. 30
Fig. 23 Fig. 24
4
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ABOUT THIS MANUAL
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the parts potentially dangerous to the user are protected. Read this manual carefully before use. Use the ap-
pliance only for its intended use to avoid possible injury and damage. Keep this manual handy for future refer-
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Danger for children
Warning of burns
Danger due to electricity
Warning – material damage
Danger of damage due to other causes
INTENDED USE
The appliance can be used to make coffee and cappuccino. It is also possible to make teas or infusions
through the hot water dispensing function.
This appliance shall not be used for commercial and industrial purposes.
$Q\RWKHUXVHRIWKHDSSOLDQFHLVQRWLQWHQGHGE\WKH0DQXIDFWXUHUZKLFKLVH[HPSWIURPDQ\OLDELOLW\IRU
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Improper use also results in voiding any form of warranty.
RESIDUAL RISKS
The construction features of the appliance covered by this manual do not grant the user to be protected from
the direct jet of steam or hot water.
Warning!
:DUQLQJRIEXUQV:KHQGLVSHQVLQJKRWZDWHURUVWHDPQHYHUGLUHFWWKHMHWVWRZDUGVRWKHUSHRSOHRU
yourself. Only touch the steam/hot water wand on the rubber part. Do not touch the metal parts of the
appliance.
Only use containers made of "food-grade" material.
SAFETY WARNINGS
READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
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VXFKDV
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ments
- on farms
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in this manual. Improper use also results in voiding any form of warranty.
5
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failures resulting from inadequate packaging of the product at the time of shipping
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parts and accessories authorized by the manufacturer.
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concerning the materials intended to come into contact with food products.
Danger for children
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ance.
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inoperative by cutting the power cord. It is also recommended to make harmless
WKHSDUWVRIWKHDSSOLDQFHZKLFKFRXOGFRQVWLWXWHDGDQJHUHVSHFLDOO\IRUFKLOGUHQ
who could use the appliance as a game.
Warning of burns
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any cleaning and maintenance operations.
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burns.
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the minutes following its shutdown.
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paragraph.
6
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Danger due to electricity
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shown on the rating plate under the appliance matches the local voltage supply.
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ages and accidents.
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WRUVWRWKHVDPHSRZHURXWOHW'DQJHURIHOHFWULFRYHUORDG
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outlet.
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EHIRUH¿OOLQJWKHWDQNZLWKZDWHU
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off and unplugged from the power outlet.
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unplug the power cord from the power outlet.
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Warning – material damage
3ODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHRQDVWDEOHDQGGU\VXUIDFH
'RQRWXVHWKHDSSOLDQFHZLWKRXWZDWHUDVWKHSXPSZRXOGEXUQRXW
:KHQ¿OLQJWKHZDWHUWDQNGRQRWXVHVSDUNOLQJKRWRUZDUPZDWHURUDQ\RWKHU
liquids that could damage the appliance.
'RQRWSODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHRQYHU\KRWVXUIDFHVRUQHDURSHQÀDPHVWRSUHYHQW
the coating from being damaged.
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WDLQV
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)XOO\XQZLQGWKHSRZHUFRUGEHIRUHXVH
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mote-controlled systems.
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FRIIHH¿OWHUV7KLVPLJKWFDXVHVHULRXVGDPDJHWRWKHDSSOLDQFH
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posits into the boiler might get frozen and damage the appliance.
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7
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$IWHUXQSOXJJLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHDQGZKHQKRWSDUWVKDYHFRROHGGRZQWKHDSSOL-
ance shall only be cleaned using a non-abrasive cloth slightly damped with water
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Danger of damage due to other causes
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power outlet is easily accessible.
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7KHDSSOLDQFHVKDOOEHXVHGDQGOHIWDWUHVWRQDVWDEOHVXUIDFH
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of damage or if it has water leaks. Do not use the appliance if the power cord or
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FRUGUHSODFHPHQWVKDOOEHFDUULHGRXWRQO\E\WKH$ULHWH6HUYLFH&HQWUHRUE\
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cleaned.
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$/:$<6.((37+(6(,16758&7,216)25)8785(5()-
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8
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'(6&5,37,212)7+($33/,$1&(
$  &XSZDUPHUJULG M - Water tank
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Starting the appliance
Remove the packing material and check that all components are present.
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with water.
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damage the appliance.
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First start-up
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steady and the appliance beeps twice.
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ing and wait until water runs through the steam/hot water wand. Turn the steam/hot water dispensing knob
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Repeat the procedure until consuming all the water into the tank.
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Warning!
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with water.
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damage the appliance.
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beeps twice.
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few minutes before making coffee. This will not be necessary for subsequent coffees.
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turns on.
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normal.
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your water to adapt the taste of your coffee to your taste.
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<RXFDQDGMXVWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRURUFXSVRIFRIIHHGXUDWLRQRIWKHKRWZDWHUGLV-
SHQVLQJWKURXJKWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
The amount of water being dispensed affects coffee taste as well as the quality of the cream. Try changing this
SDUDPHWHUWR¿QGWKHFRIIHHWDVWH\RXOLNHWKHPRVW
127(WKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRURUFXSVVKDOOEHDGMXVWHGZKLOHFRIIHHLVEHLQJ
EUHZHG
 7RVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRUFXSRIFRIIHH
3UHVVDQGKROGWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS IRUDVORQJDVQHFHVVDU\7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKH
FRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS WXUQVRQVWHDG\ZKLOHWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRU
FXSV ÀDVKHV7KHWLPHSDVVHGZKLOHSUHVVLQJWKHEXWWRQZLOOVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHG
IRUFXSRIFRIIHH:KHQFRIIHHEUHZLQJLVFRPSOHWHWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRU
FXS ÀDVKHVWLPHVWRQRWLI\WKDWWKHVHWWLQJKDVEHHQVDYHG
 7RVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRUFXSVRIFRIIHH
3UHVVDQGKROGWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV IRUDVORQJDVQHFHVVDU\7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRI
WKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV WXUQVRQVWHDG\ZKLOHWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJ
EXWWRQIRUFXS ÀDVKHV7KHWLPHSDVVHGZKLOHSUHVVLQJWKHEXWWRQZLOOVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREH
GLVSHQVHGIRUFXSVRIFRIIHH:KHQFRIIHHEUHZLQJLVFRPSOHWHWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJ
EXWWRQIRUFXSV ÀDVKHVWLPHVWRQRWLI\WKDWWKHVHWWLQJKDVEHHQVDYHG
<RXFDQVHWDEUHZLQJWLPHIURPWRVHFRQGV
+RZWRVHWWKHFRIIHHWHPSHUDWXUH
 (QWHUVHWWLQJPRGH3UHVVDQGKROGWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ IRUVHFRQGV7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHH
EUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV DQGRIWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ 
ÀDVKLQWXUQ,I\RXZLVKWRH[LWWKHVHWWLQJPRGHZDLWVHFRQGV
 7RFKDQJHWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJWHPSHUDWXUHSUHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS 7KHLQGLFDWRU
light of the pre-set program turns on.
,QGLFDWRUOLJKWIRUFXS RQ
/RZWHPSHUDWXUH&
,QGLFDWRUOLJKWVIRUFXS
DQGFXSV RQ
0HGLXPWHPSHUDWXUH&
,QGLFDWRUOLJKWVIRUFXS
FXSV DQGVWHDP
LQGLFDWRUOLJKW RQ
+LJKWHPSHUDWXUH&
 7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV 
DQGRIWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ
ÀDVKLQWXUQ
 3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS WRVHWWKHORZWHPSHUDWXUH
12
EN
 3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV WRVHWWKHPHGLXPWHPSHUDWXUH
 3UHVVVWHDPEXWWRQ WRVHWWKHKLJKWHPSHUDWXUH
7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS
ÀDVKHVWLPHVWRQRWLI\WKDWWKHWHPSHUDWXUH
KDVEHHQVDYHG7KHDSSOLDQFHEHHSVWZLFHDQGDXWRPDWLFDOO\H[LWVWKHVHWWLQJPRGH
+RZWRVHWWKHZDWHUKDUGQHVV
Depending on the hardness of your water you can change the total number of coffees that you can make
EHIRUHWKHDSSOLDQFHQHHGVDGHVFDOLQJSURFHGXUH7RVHWWKHZDWHUKDUGQHVV
 (QWHUVHWWLQJPRGH3UHVVDQGKROGWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ
IRUVHFRQGV7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHH
EUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV DQGRIWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ 
ÀDVK,I\RXZLVKWRH[LWWKHVHWWLQJPRGHZDLWVHFRQGV
 7RFKDQJHWKHZDWHUKDUGQHVVSUHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV 7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKH
pre-set program turns on.
,QGLFDWRUOLJKWIRUFXS RQ
6RIWZDWHU
,QGLFDWRUOLJKWVIRUFXS
DQGFXSV RQ
6HPLKDUGZDWHU
,QGLFDWRUOLJKWVIRUFXS
FXSV DQGVWHDP
LQGLFDWRUOLJKW
RQ
Hard water

7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV 
DQGRIWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ ÀDVKLQWXUQ
 3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS WRVHWWKHXVHRIVRIWZDWHU
 3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV WRVHWWKHXVHRIVHPLKDUGZDWHU
 3UHVVVWHDPEXWWRQ WRVHWWKHXVHRIKDUGZDWHU
7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV ÀDVKHVWLPHVWRQRWLI\WKDWWKHZDWHUKDUG-
QHVVKDVEHHQVDYHG7KHDSSOLDQFHEHHSVWZLFHDQGDXWRPDWLFDOO\H[LWVWKHVHWWLQJPRGH
6RIWZDWHU 6HPLKDUGZDWHU Hard water
G+ G+G+ !G+
I+ I+I+ !I+
PJO PJO !PJO
+2:720$.(0,/.)527+)25<285&2))((
 3ODFHDFXSRQWKHUHPRYDEOHJULG&)LJ
<RXFDQXVHDODUJHFXSLIGHVLUHG
 5HPRYHWKHUHPRYDEOHJULG&DQGWKHGULSWUD\')LJ
 3ODFHWKHFXSRQWKHFXSKROGHUJULG()LJ
 0DNHFRIIHH)LJ
Warning!
Danger of burns. Only touch the steam/hot water wand on the rubber part. Do not touch the steel tube.
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
 7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG,WRZDUGVWKHGULSWUD\')LJ
 3UHVVWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ
7KHVWHDPEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVWDUWVÀDVKLQJDQGWKHDSSOLDQFHEHHSV:DLW
XQWLOWKHVWHDPEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWWXUQVRQVWHDG\DQGWKHDSSOLDQFHEHHSVWZLFHWKXVLQGLFDWLQJWKDWWKH
temperature in the boiler has reached the optimum level to deliver steam.
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 'HHSO\LQWURGXFHWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG,LQWRWKHMXJZLWKPLON
13
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 7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQRE/WRWKHZDWHUVWHDPSRVLWLRQ )LJ7KHDSSOLDQFH
will start delivering steam.
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0LONLVIURWKHGZKHQIURWKDSSHDUVLQWRWKHMXJ)LJ
 7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQRE/EDFNWR
WRVWRSGHOLYHULQJVWHDP
$IWHUHDFKXVHGHOLYHUVWHDPIRUDIHZVHFRQGVVRDVWRIUHHWKHVSRXWRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG
IURPDQ\PLONUHVLGXHV
8VHDQRQDEUDVLYHGDPSFORWKWRFOHDQWKHVSRXWRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQGDQGWKHVWHHOWXEH
,IODUJHDLUEXEEOHVIRUPLQWKHIURWKOLJKWO\WDSWKHPLONMXJWRUHPRYHWKHODUJHUEXEEOHV
 3RXUWKHPLONIURWKLQWRWKHFXSRIFRIIHHSUHSDUHGHDUOLHU
5(86,1*7+($33/,$1&(720$.($127+(5&2))((
7RPDNHFRIIHHDJDLQLPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUGHOLYHULQJVWHDPLWLVQHFHVVDU\WROHWWKHDSSOLDQFHFRROGRZQ
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 7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQRE/WRWKHZDWHUVWHDPSRVLWLRQ )LJ7KHLQGLFDWRU
OLJKWRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS ÀDVKHVDQGWKHDSSOLDQFHZLOOVWDUWGLVSHQVLQJKRWZDWHU
Hot water dispensing allows the appliance to cool down more rapidly. When the appliance has reached the
ULJKWWHPSHUDWXUHWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS DQGRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJ
EXWWRQIRUFXSV ÀDVK
 7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQRE/EDFNWR WRVWRSGLVSHQVLQJKRWZDWHU
The appliance is ready to make coffee again.
+2:72',63(16(+27:$7(5
Warning!
Danger of burns. Only touch the steam/hot water wand on the rubber part. Do not touch the steel tube.
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
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)LJ7KHDSSOLDQFH
will start dispensing hot water.
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86()8/7,3672*(7$*22',7$/,$1(635(662
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14
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FILLING THE WATER TANK DURING USE
Warning!
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with water.
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Warning!
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damage the appliance.
Don't start the appliance when the water tank is empty.
Always check the water level in the tank.
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Warning!
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
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$8722)))81&7,21
The appliance is equipped with an automatic shut-off system in accordance with the new regulations concern-
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EXWWRQIRUFXSV WXUQRQVWHDG\
3527(&7,216<67(0
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15
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&/($1,1*7+($33/,$1&(
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Warning!
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from the power outlet.
Warning!
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Warning!
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Do not use abrasive cleansers or metal tools in order not to scratch and damage steel surfaces.
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Warning!
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or sprays.
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running tap water.
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5HSHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQIRUERWK¿OWHUV
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months.
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Warning!
'RQRWOHDYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUIDVWHQHGWRLWVVHDW7KHVHDOORFDWHGLQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWPLJKWJHW
damaged.
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EHUHPRYHGXVLQJDWRRWKSLFNDVSRQJH)LJRUOHWWLQJZDWHUUXQWKURXJKZLWKRXWLQVWDOOLQJWKH¿OWHU
KROGHU)LJ
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16
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&OHDQLQJWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG
Warning!
The procedure shall be carried out when the steam/hot water wand has cooled down in order to avoid
burns.
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UHPRYHDQ\LQWHUQDOUHVLGXHVIROORZWKHVWHSVEHORZ
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)LJ'HOLYHUVWHDPIRU
a few seconds.
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WRVWRSGHOLYHULQJVWHDP
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downwards. Wash under running water. The hole can be cleaned using a non-abrasive cloth.
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&OHDQLQJWKHZDWHUWDQN
Regularly clean the inside of the water tank using a sponge or a damp cloth.
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Warning!
Do not use abrasive detergents.
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&OHDQLQJWKHUHPRYDEOHJULGDQGWKHGULSWUD\
Warning!
This cleaning operation shall be carried out when the appliance is turned off and the power cord dis-
connected from the power outlet.
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7KHGULSWUD\LVSURYLGHGZLWKDÀRDW):KHQWKHÀRDWLVYLVLEOHIURPWKHUHPRYDEOHJULGWKHGULSWUD\LVIXOO
of water and shall be emptied.
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 'U\XVLQJDGU\FORWK
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17
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'(6&$/,1*
Warning!
Do not use vinegar or other descaling agents not authorised by the Manufacturer.
Warning!
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
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DVZHOODVVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHSRVVLEOHOLPHVFDOHGHSRVLWVLQWKHDSSOLDQFH'HVSLWHWKLVVKRXOGWKHDSSOLDQFH
RSHUDWLRQEHFRPSURPLVHGDIWHUVRPHWLPHGXHWRIUHTXHQWXVHRIKDUGDQGYHU\FDOFDUHRXVZDWHUGHVFDOLQJ
FDQEHFDUULHGRXWLQRUGHUWRUHPRYHWKHPDOIXQFWLRQ)RUWKLVSXUSRVHRQO\XVHDFLWULFDFLGEDVHGGHVFDOLQJ
SURGXFW7KLVSURGXFWFDQEHHDVLO\IRXQGDW6HUYLFH&HQWUHV
7KH 0DQXIDFWXUHU DVVXPHV QR UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU GDPDJH WR LQWHUQDO FRPSRQHQWV RIWKH DSSOLDQFH
FDXVHGE\WKHXVHRIQRQFRPSOLDQWSURGXFWVGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRIFKHPLFDODGGLWLYHV
7KHDSSOLDQFHUHTXLUHVGHVFDOLQJZKHQWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS
RIWKH
FRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV DQGRIWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ WXUQRQVWHDG\DQGWKHDSSOLDQFHEHHSV
)ROORZWKHVWHSVEHORZ
 3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ*WRWXUQRIIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ'LVFRQQHFWWKHSRZHUFRUGIURPWKHSRZHU
outlet.
 5HPRYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUIURPLWVVHDW
 )LOOWKHZDWHUWDQNZLWKIUHVKVWLOOZDWHUXSWRWKH0$;OHYHO3RXUWKHGHVFDOLQJSURGXFWLQWRWKHZDWHUWDQN
 3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWZKLFKVKDOOEHODUJHHQRXJKWRFROOHFWWKHZDWHURIWKHWDQN
Turn the steam/hot water wand towards the container.
 3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ*)LJ
 3UHVVWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ IRUDERXWVHFRQGVXQWLOWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRU
FXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV DQGRIWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ VWDUWÀDVKLQJLQWXUQ
 3UHVVWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ DJDLQ7KHGHVFDOLQJSURFHVVEHJLQVDQGWKHVROXWLRQLQVLGHWKHZDWHUWDQN
VWDUWVUXQQLQJWKURXJKWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDW%
 7RFDUU\RXWGHVFDOLQJIRUWKHVWHDPZDWHUZDQGWXUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREWRWKHZDWHU
VWHDPSRVLWLRQ 7KHGHVFDOLQJVROXWLRQZLOOVWDUWUXQQLQJWKURXJKWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG,
Limescale deposits will thus be removed from the internal circuit of the appliance.
$IWHUVHYHUDOZDVKLQJF\FOHVDQGEUHDNVWKHGHVFDOLQJF\FOHLVRYHU
(PSW\WKHZDWHUWDQNIURPWKHUHPDLQLQJVROXWLRQ5LQVHWKHZDWHUWDQN
)LOOWKHZDWHUWDQNZLWKIUHVKVWLOOZDWHU
 3UHVVDQGKROGWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ IRUDERXWVHFRQGV7KHULQVLQJVWDJHEHJLQVDQGWKHZDWHULQWRWKH
WDQNVWDUWVUXQQLQJWKURXJKWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG,
 7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREEDFNWR WRULQVHWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJFLUFXLW
$IWHUVHYHUDOZDVKLQJF\FOHVDQGEUHDNVWKHULQVLQJF\FOHLVRYHU7KHDSSOLDQFHLVUHDG\WREHXVHG
)LOOWKHZDWHUWDQNZLWKIUHVKVWLOOZDWHU
'(&200,66,21,1*
,QWKHFDVHRIGHFRPPLVVLRQLQJRIWKHDSSOLDQFHLWVKDOOEHHOHFWULFDOO\GLVFRQQHFWHG(PSW\WKHGULSWUD\DQG
FOHDQLWVHHSDUDJUDSK³&OHDQLQJWKHDSSOLDQFH´6KRXOGWKHDSSOLDQFHEHGLVSRVHGRIVHSDUDWHWKHYDULRXV
materials used in the construction of the appliance and dispose of them according to their composition and the
legal provisions in force in the country of use.
18
EN
TROUBLESHOOTING
,QFDVHRIG\VIXQFWLRQVLPPHGLDWHO\WXUQRIIWKHDSSOLDQFHDQGXQSOXJWKHSRZHUFRUGIURPWKHSRZHU
outlet.
352%/(06 &$86(6 62/87,216
&RIIHHEUHZLQJGRHV
not start or is too
slow.
7KHZDWHUWDQN0LVQRW
installed properly.
Insert the water tank properly by pressing it fully.
(PSW\ZDWHUWDQN )LOOWKHZDWHUWDQNZLWKIUHVKVWLOOZDWHUXSWRWKH0$;
OHYHO)LJ
The dispensing holes of the
¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWDUHFORJJHG
6WDUWWKHDSSOLDQFHZLWKRXWLQVWDOOLQJWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
DQGOHWZDWHUÀRZ,IZDWHUNHHSVUXQQLQJXQHYHQO\
WKURXJKWKHKROHVFDUU\RXWGHVFDOLQJ
7KHRXWOHWKROHVRIWKH¿OWHU
containing coffee powder are
clogged.
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG,
DQGWXUQWKHGLVSHQVLQJNQRE/WRUHGXFHWKHSUHVVXUH
inside the circuit. Then remove and disassemble the
¿OWHUKROGHUVORZO\EHFDXVHDQ\UHVLGXDOSUHVVXUHPLJKW
cause splashes or sprays. Use a needle to clean the
FORJJHGKROHRIWKH¿OWHU&OHDQWKH¿OWHUDVGHVFULEHG
LQWKH³&OHDQLQJ¿OWHUVFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHHSRZGHU´
paragraph.
&RIIHHJULQGLQJLVWRR¿QH Try using a blend with a coarser grinding level.
([FHVVLYHO\SUHVVHGFRIIHH
powder.
3UHVVFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHUDSSO\LQJOHVVVWUHQJWK
7KH¿OWHUFRQWDLQVDQ
H[FHVVLYHDPRXQWRIFRIIHH
3XWDVPDOOHUDPRXQWRIFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHU
&RIIHHOHDNLQJIURP
WKHHGJHVRIWKH¿OWHU
holder.
$QH[FHVVLYHDPRXQWRI
ground coffee has probably
EHHQLQWURGXFHGLQWRWKH¿OWHU
holder which prevented the
¿OWHUKROGHUIURPEHLQJIXOO\
tightened in its seat.
5HPRYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUDQGFOHDQLWVVHDWE\XVLQJD
VSRQJH)LJ5HSHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQDGGLQJWKHULJKW
DPRXQWRIFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHU
Ground coffee residues have
remained on the seal of the
¿OWHUKROGHUVHDW
&OHDQWKHVHDOE\XVLQJDWRRWKSLFNRUDVSRQJH)LJ
7KHRXWOHWKROHVRIWKH¿OWHU
containing coffee powder are
clogged.
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG,
DQGWXUQWKHGLVSHQVLQJNQRE/WRUHGXFHWKHSUHVVXUH
inside the circuit. Then remove and disassemble the
¿OWHUKROGHUVORZO\EHFDXVHDQ\UHVLGXDOSUHVVXUHPLJKW
cause splashes or sprays. Use a needle to clean the
FORJJHGKROHRIWKH¿OWHU&OHDQWKH¿OWHUDVGHVFULEHG
LQWKH³&OHDQLQJ¿OWHUVFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHHSRZGHU´
paragraph.
7KH¿OWHUKROGHUKDVQRWEHHQ
fastened correctly.
0DNHVXUHWKH¿OWHUKROGHULVZHOOIDVWHQHGWRWKH
ÀDQJH)LJ
&RIIHHEUHZLQJLV
too fast.
&RIIHHJULQGLQJLVWRRFRDUVH 7RPDNHDZDUPHUDQGPRUHFRQFHQWUDWHGFRIIHHXVH
DPRUH¿QHO\JURXQGFRIIHHEOHQG
([FHVVLYHO\SUHVVHGFRIIHH
powder.
3UHVVFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHUDSSO\LQJOHVVVWUHQJWK
7KH¿OWHUGRHVQRWFRQWDLQD
VXI¿FLHQWDPRXQWRIFRIIHH
3XWDODUJHUDPRXQWRIFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHU
19
EN
352%/(06 &$86(6 62/87,216
The appliance is not
delivering steam.
The appliance has not
reached the correct brewing
temperature.
Wait until the steam button indicator light turns on
VWHDG\WKXVLQGLFDWLQJWKDWWKHWHPSHUDWXUHLQWKHERLOHU
has reached the optimum level so as to deliver steam.
The water tank is empty. )LOOWKHZDWHUWDQNZLWKIUHVKVWLOOZDWHUXSWRWKH0$;
OHYHO)LJ
7KHZDWHUWDQN0LVQRW
installed properly.
Insert the water tank properly by pressing it fully.
The steam outlet hole is
clogged.
Use a needle to remove any scale deposits from the
VSRXWRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG&OHDQWKHVWHDP
KRWZDWHUZDQGDVGHVFULEHGLQWKH³&OHDQLQJWKH
VWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG´SDUDJUDSK,IWKHSUREOHP
SHUVLVWVFDUU\RXWGHVFDOLQJ
The water tank seat
and base are wet.
7KHZDWHUWDQN0LVQRW
installed properly.
Insert the water tank properly by pressing it fully.
During coffee
EUHZLQJWKH
appliance makes an
unusual noise.
There is little water and the
pump suction does not work.
&KHFNWKHZDWHUOHYHOLQWKHWDQNLVFRUUHFW,IQHHGHG
¿OOWKHWDQNZLWKIUHVKZDWHUXSWRWKH0$;OHYHO
The indicator lights
of the dispensing
buttons turn on
steady.
Descaling required. &DUU\RXWGHVFDOLQJVHHSDUDJUDSK³'HVFDOLQJ´
The appliance beeps
and the indicator
lights of the coffee
EUHZLQJEXWWRQVIRU
FXSDQGFXSVÀDVK
The steam/hot water
GLVSHQVLQJNQRE/LVVHWWR
the hot water/steam position.
Turn the steam/hot water dispensing knob to
.
The temperature in the boiler
is too high.
&DUU\RXWWKHFRROLQJSURFHGXUHDVGHVFULEHGLQWKH
³5HXVLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHWRPDNHDQRWKHUFRIIHH´
paragraph.
The brewed coffee is
not hot.
The appliance still has not
reached the right temperature.
Wait until the indicator light of the coffee brewing button
IRUFXSRUFXSVWXUQVRQVWHDG\
7KH¿OWHUKROGHUGRHV
QRW¿WLQVLGHLWVVHDW
$QH[FHVVLYHDPRXQWRI
ground coffee has probably
EHHQIHGLQWRWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
3ODFHDVPDOOHUDPRXQWRIFRIIHHLQWKH¿OWHU
20
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ıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİȩʌȠIJİȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣıțȠʌİȪİIJİȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠ
ȐIJȠȝȠijȡȠȞIJȓıIJİȞĮʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞIJĮ
İȟȒȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢĮʌȩȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩȡİȪȝĮ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡĮıțİȣȒİıʌȡȑıȠțĮȚțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȤȐȡȘıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJıȐȚțĮȚȐȜȜĮĮijİȥȒȝĮIJĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒįİȞʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȒțĮȚȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȒȤȡȒıȘ
ȀĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒʌȠȣĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒ-
ʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢȠȚȠʌȠȓİȢȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘİʌȓıȘȢİʌȚıȪȡİȚIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘțȐșİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƧƯƣƲƱƮƧƫƯƣƯƵƧƴƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
ȉĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞȑȞIJȣʌȠįİȞįȓȞȠȣȞIJȘįȣȞĮ-
IJȩIJȘIJĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘĮIJȝȠȪȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮȂȘȞıIJȡȑijİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȠȢİıȐȢȒʌȡȠȢ
IJȠȣȢȐȜȜȠȣȢȆȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚİʌİȞįİ-
įȣȝȑȞȠȝİȜȐıIJȚȤȠȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐʌİȡȚȑțIJİȢțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞȠȣȢĮʌȩȣȜȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮȖȚĮ©IJȡȩijȚȝĮª
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴƣƴƷƣƭƧƫƣƴ
ȇȈȀȄȌȈǿȉȀȃȆȇȆȀǿȉǽȊǽȊǿȉȋȉȁǽȋǿǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȆǼǿ
ĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚıİȠȚțȚĮțȠȪȢȒʌĮȡȩȝȠȚ-
ȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢȩʌȦȢȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮ
ıIJȚȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢțĮIJĮıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩ
ıIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚıİȐȜȜȠȣȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
21
EL
ıIJĮ ȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮ ıIJȚȢʌĮȞıȚȩȞıIJĮ țĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮ EHG  EUHDNIDVW țĮȚ ıİ ȐȜȜĮ
țĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮʌȡȠȢȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢİʌȚıțȑʌIJİȢ
ǻİȞijȑȡȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȒįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȒȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ıİıȤȑıȘȝİIJȚȢȤȡȒıİȚȢʌȠȣʌȡȠȕȜȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ
ȤȡȒıȘİʌȓıȘȢİʌȚıȪȡİȚIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘțȐșİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐIJȘȢĮȡȤȚțȒȢıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚįİȞ
ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘțĮȞĮʌȩ
ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒıİȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠ-
IJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢ
īȚĮȞĮȝȘȞșȑıİIJİıİțȓȞįȣȞȠIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠ-
țȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȞȒıȚĮĮȞIJĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐțĮȚİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣijȑȡȠȣȞIJȘȞİȟȠȣıȚȠįȩIJȘıȘ
IJȠȣțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȠȞȀĮȞȠȞȚıȝȩǼȀǹȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚȞĮȑȡșȠȣȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘȢIJȦȞ
İIJȫȞțĮȚĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮȝİȝİȚȦȝȑȞİȢıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢĮȚıșȘIJȘȡȚĮțȑȢțĮȚįȚĮȞȠȘIJȚțȑȢȚțĮ-
ȞȩIJȘIJİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮțĮȚȖȞȫıİȚȢȝȩȞȠ
ȣʌȩ IJȘȞ İʌȓȕȜİȥȘ İȞȩȢ ȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȣ Ȓ İȐȞ ȑȤȠȣȞ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ țĮȚ țĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚ IJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓ-
įȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞ
İʌȓȕȜİȥȘİȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ĭȣȜȐııİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȘȜȚțȓĮȢțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮțȡȑȝİIJĮȚıİıȘȝİȓȠʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJȠʌȚȐıİȚȑȞĮ
ȝȚțȡȩʌĮȚįȓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓȟȠȣȞ
IJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȚıİıȘȝİȓȠȩʌȠȣijIJȐȞȠȣȞIJĮ
ʌĮȚįȚȐȖȚĮIJȓĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮĮʌȠȡȡȓȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJȑȥİIJİ
țȩȕȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣ-
ȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮ
ȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ǹʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘʌȡȚȞʌȡȠ-
ȤȦȡȒıİIJİıİȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȘȞ ıIJȡȑijİIJİʌȠIJȑ IJȘȞİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ ĮIJȝȠȪȒ ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ ʌȡȠȢIJȠ ıȫȝĮıĮȢ
22
EL
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȩIJĮȞȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȒȖȚĮ
ȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮijȩIJȠȣIJİȡȝĮIJȚıIJİȓȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțĮȚıȕȒıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȆȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚ
İʌİȞįİįȣȝȑȞȠȝİȜȐıIJȚȤȠ
ǼȐȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮȑȤİȚijȡȐȟİȚIJȠ
ijȓȜIJȡȠǺȖȐȜIJİțĮȚ ĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȚ-
IJıȚȜȓıİȚȜȩȖȦİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȢİȞĮʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮȢʌȓİıȘȢȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİ
ıIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩʌȦȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘıȤİIJȚțȒİȞȩIJȘIJĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǂǑǝLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjǝǒdžǞǍǂ
ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİ
ʌȦȢ Ș IJȐıȘ ʌȠȣ ĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ ıIJȠ
țȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıIJȘȞIJȐıȘįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘ ȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗĮȢ ʌȠȣ įİȞ ijȑȡİȚ IJȘȞ İȟȠȣıȚȠįȩIJȘıȘ IJȠȣ țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢțĮȚĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȈȣȞįȑİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞIJĮıİȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞıȣȞįȑİIJİțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢıȩȝʌİȢıȓįİȡĮțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡ
ıIJȘȞȓįȚĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒIJȘȞȓįȚĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȕȖȐȜİIJİ
IJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ȈȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȕȡĮȤȣțȣțȜȫȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȞĮȑȡșİȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚ-
İȢȒȖȦȞȓİȢ
ĭȡȠȞIJȓıIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮȝȘȞȑȡȤİIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǵȜİȢ ȠȚ İȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ țĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ İțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ ȩIJĮȞȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪ-
ȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣįİȞIJȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȖȚĮıȪȞIJȠȝȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐ-
ıIJȘȝĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠ-
įȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİĮijȪȜĮțIJȘIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩȡİȪȝĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮıIJİȖȞȒțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓıİĮȣIJȒȞIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ
șĮțĮİȓȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
23
EL
īȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȞșȡĮțȠȪȤȠȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮ-
ȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİʌȠȜȪȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣȝȞȑȢ
ijȜȩȖİȢʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȘȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚȐIJȘȢ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȠȞIJȐıİİȪijȜİțIJĮȣȜȚțȐʌȤȣijȐıȝĮIJĮțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȑȡȤİIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȡȚȞIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȠijȠįȠIJİȓIJĮȚȝİİȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪȢȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJİȢȒĮʌȩ
țȐʌȠȚĮȟİȤȦȡȚıIJȒįȚȐIJĮȟȘȝİIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİʌȠIJȑȝȑıĮıIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțȐIJȚ
ȐȜȜȠʌȑȡĮĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘǼȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȡȠțȜȘșȠȪȞıȠȕĮȡȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȤȫȡȠȣȢȝİșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩ&țĮșȫȢIJȠ
ȞİȡȩʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠȞȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ
ȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢʌȤȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠ
ǹijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȒıİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘ
țĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȞȠIJȚıȝȑȞȠȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚ
ȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȠȣįȑIJİȡȠȝȘįȚĮȕȡȦIJȚțȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȣIJȚțȐʌȠȣʌȡȠțĮȜȠȪȞijșȠȡȑȢıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮȞĮIJȘȞıȘțȫıİIJİ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıİ ȑȞĮȞ țĮșĮȡȩ ȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒ ijȦIJȚıȝȩ ʌȠȣ ȞĮ
įȚĮșȑIJİȚʌȡȓȗĮıİıȘȝİȓȠȝİİȪțȠȜȘʌȡȩıȕĮıȘ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİĮijȪȜĮțIJȘIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩȡİȪȝĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚʌȐȞȦıİıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȩIJĮȞIJȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠ-
ʌȠȚİȓIJİȒIJȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȐȞĮȟİțȠȣȡĮıIJİȓ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚİȐȞȑȤİȚʌȑıİȚțȐIJȦȑȤİȚİȝijĮȞȒıȘ-
ȝȐįȚĮijșȠȡȐȢȒʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
İȐȞ IJȠ țĮȜȫįȚȠ IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ Ȓ IJȠ ijȚȢ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȣȞ ijșȠȡȑȢ Ȓ İȐȞ Ș ȓįȚĮ Ș
ıȣıțİȣȒʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȒĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȘ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝȩȞȠıİȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȒĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑ-
ȞȠȣȢIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮȝȘȞįȚĮIJȡȑȤİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮȞțȓȞįȣȞȠ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȑıĮıİȞIJȠȣȜȐʌȚĮȒțȜİȚıIJȐȑʌȚʌȜĮȩIJĮȞȕȡȓıțİ-
IJĮȚıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
24
EL
ȂȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣ
ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȒȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİ
īȚĮ IJȘ ıȦıIJȒIJİȜȚțȒįȚȐșİıȘ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ ıȪȝijȦȞĮ ȝİ IJȘȞ İȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒ
ȠįȘȖȓĮ(ǼıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠȑȞIJȣʌȠʌȠȣʌĮȡȑȤİIJĮȚȝİ
IJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ
ƷƶƭƣƴƴƧƵƧƲƣƯƵƣƵƫƴƲƣƳƱƶƴƧƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$  ȈȤȐȡĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȫȞ 0  ǻȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
%  DzįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ 1  ȀĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
&  ǹijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ 2  ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
'  ȀȐįȠȢıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ 3  ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
(  ȈȤȐȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢIJȦȞijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȫȞ 4  ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
)  ĭȜȠIJȑȡ 5  ȆĮIJȘIJȒȡȚ
*  ȀȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ 6  ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȝİijȦ-
IJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
+  ȂİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
,  ȈȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
7  ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĮIJȝȠȪȝİijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮ
-  ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ 8  ȆȜȒțIJȡȠ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ țĮijȑ ȖȚĮ  ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȝİ
ijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
.  ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
/  ȆİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǕǂǖǕǐǑǐǀLjǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
IJĮȣIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
 țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(
 ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ>0RG@
 ıİȚȡȚĮțȩȢĮȡȚșȝȩȢ>61@
 ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ>9@țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮ>+]@
 ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢİȚıȩįȠȣ>:@
 IJȘȜİijȦȞȚțȩȢĮȡȚșȝȩȢIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞİʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȝİIJĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ıİȚȡȚĮțȩĮȡȚșȝȩ
25
EL
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ƲǒǟǕLjǘǒƿǔLjǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢʌİȡȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȚȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİİʌȓʌİįȘțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȆȜȪȞİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫ-
ȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮțĮȚIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıİIJİıIJȘıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįİ-
įİȝȑȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ƲǒǐNjǂǕǂǒNjǕNJNjƾǓdžǒDŽǂǔǀdžǓ
 ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&ıIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ǼȚț
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
 ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ1ǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȞșȡĮțȠȪȤȠȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠ-
IJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞșȃǺȌ
 ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ1
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİȩIJȚȘıȣıțİȣȒșĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓıȦıIJȐʌĮIJȒıIJİȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıȪijțȒȥıijıijȡʍȡȚıijȓIJıțIJȧIJijȑijȡİȡȥıȔȡȟıȢȡȫİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșIJȤIJȜıȤȓıȟİȒȥıijįțȟįȞșȟ
ȖȗȑȝıțȜįĴȒ
ƲǒǟǕǐƽǎǂǍǍǂ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚıȦıIJȐȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤİțȜijȫȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫȢıȫȞįijȡȣįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔIJijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijıȥȟțȜȬȟȥįȢįȜijșȢțIJijțȜȬȟijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
 ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢǼȚț
 ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ4ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȤȦȡȓȢȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮijȓȜIJȡȠ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ*ǼȚț
 ǹȡȤȓȗȠȣȞȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞțȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ țĮȚȖȚĮ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚıIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌĮȡĮıțİȣȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑĮȞȐȕȠȣȞ
ıIJĮșİȡȐȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ țĮȚȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑ-
ȝʌİȚįȣȠȘȤȘIJȚțȐıȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐįȚİȞİȡȖȒıIJİȑȞĮȞțȪțȜȠțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪIJȦȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȫȞ
țȣțȜȦȝȐIJȦȞ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠȤȦȡȘIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞPOțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ǼȚțǼțțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
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ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
 ǼijȩıȠȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠȤȦȡȘIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞPO
țȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚț
ǼțțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩ Įʌȩ IJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮ
ȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓȩȜȠIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿǽʍįȟįȝȑȖıijıįȤijȓijșİțįİțȜįIJȔįȜȑȚıĴȡȢȑʍȡȤįȟȑȖıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȒʍıțijįįʍȪįȢȜıijȒȣ
ȞȒȢıȣʍȡȤİıȟijșȟȒȥıijıȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJıț
ǽȑȟijȡİȡȥıȔȡȞıȔȟıțȥȧȢȔȣȟıȢȪȚįįțIJȚįȟȚıȔijıȒȟįȟȜȢįİįIJȞȪȜįțȚįįȜȡȤIJijıȔȒȟįȣʍțȡİȤȟįijȪȣ
ȚȪȢȤȖȡȣĬțįȟįįʍȡȜįijįIJijȓIJıijıijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣİțįȖȑIJijıijșȟıȟȪijșijį©ĬȒȞțIJȞįijȡȤ
İȡȥıȔȡȤȟıȢȡȫȜįijȑijșȥȢȓIJșª
ȊȬȢįșIJȤIJȜıȤȓıȔȟįțȒijȡțȞșȟįʍįȢįIJȜıȤȑIJıțijȡȟʍȢȬijȡȜįĴȒ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLj Ǖǐǖ ǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȈǾȂǼǿȍȈǾȈȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢİȚțȩȞİȢȖȚĮȞĮįİȓIJİʌȦȢĮijĮȚȡİȓIJĮȚIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȂʌȠȡİȓIJİİʌȓıȘȢȞĮĮȞĮıȘ-
țȫıİIJİȝİIJĮįȐȤIJȣȜĮȖȚĮȞĮIJȠĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİ
Ʋƺƴ ƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧ ƬƣƷƧ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ1ǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȞșȡĮțȠȪȤȠȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠ-
IJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞșȃǺȌ
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ1
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİȩIJȚȘıȣıțİȣȒșĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓıȦıIJȐʌĮIJȒıIJİȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıȪijțȒȥıijıijȡʍȡȚıijȓIJıțIJȧIJijȑijȡİȡȥıȔȡȟıȢȡȫİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșIJȤIJȜıȤȓıȟİȒȥıijįțȟįȞșȟ
ȖȗȑȝıțȜįĴȒ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ2ȒȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ3țĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠ-
ȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțǻȠıȠȝİIJȡȒıIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȚʌȚȑıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȝİIJȠİȚįȚțȩ
ʌĮIJȘIJȒȡȚ5ǼȚț
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Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǼȐȞȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮįȣıțȠ-
ȜİȣIJİȓIJİȞĮıIJȡȑȥİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚȒȞĮıȘȝİȚȦșİȓįȚĮȡȡȠȒĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮIJȐ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ4ıIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒȑįȡĮIJȘȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȩIJȚIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓ
İȓȞĮȚİȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȚıȝȑȞȠȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
ʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚʌȐȞȦıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝȑȤȡȚIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓȞĮİȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȚıIJİȓȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ

ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣȒȥıijıIJijıȢıȬIJıțȜįȝȑijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓĴȔȝijȢȡȤIJijșĴȝȑȟijȘįǽțȜ
ƧǑNJnjƾǏǕdžǕǐǔǚǔǕǝǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȡȩijȘȝĮʌȠȣİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȠȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȓ-
ȞĮțĮ
ȀĮijȑȢİıʌȡȑıȠ ȂȠȞȩȢ
ǻȚʌȜȩȢ
POʌİȡȓʌȠȣ
POʌİȡȓʌȠȣ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİįȪȠijȜȚIJȗĮȞȐțȚĮțĮijȑȒȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞ
ʌȚȠĮȡĮȚȦȝȑȞȠȒʌȚȠįȣȞĮIJȩțĮijȑ
īȚĮȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚʌȡȚȞijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚıIJȘıȤȐȡĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢijȜȚIJȗĮ-
ȞȚȫȞ$
ƲǂǒǐǘƿNjǂǗƾ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮȒįȪȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮıIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&ǼȚț
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ*ǼȚț
ǹȡȤȓȗȠȣȞȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞțȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ țĮȚȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐ-
ȞȚĮ ǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚıIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌĮȡĮıțİȣȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑĮȞȐȕȠȣȞıIJĮșİȡȐȠȚ
ijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ țĮȚȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚįȣȠȘȤȘIJȚțȐ
ıȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȠʌȡȫIJȠȢțĮijȑȢıĮȢȞĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȗİıIJȩȢıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮĮijȒıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȞĮ
ȗİıIJĮșİȓıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐʌȡȚȞijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒįİȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞ
ʌĮȡĮıțİȣȒIJȦȞİʌȩȝİȞȦȞțĮijȑįȦȞ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑȒʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣ-
ȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑǹȞȐȕİȚȘĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤȘijȦIJİȚȞȒ
ȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
 īȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑʌȡȠIJȠȪȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮIJȒıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
țĮijȑ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵʌȦȢȚıȤȪİȚțĮȚȖȚĮIJȚȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȑȢȝȘȤĮȞȑȢțĮijȑȝȘȞĮijĮȚȡİȓIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩIJĮȞȑȤİȚ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞįȑțĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮʌȡȚȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ īȚĮȞĮ ĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞ ȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ ıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȘȞ ĮȡȖȐĮʌȩ įİȟȚȐʌȡȠȢ IJĮ
ĮȡȚıIJİȡȐȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȓıİȚȒȞĮİțIJȠȟİȣIJİȓȞİȡȩȒțĮijȑȢ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȦșİȓȝȚțȡȒįȚĮijȣȖȒĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣİȓȞĮȚ
țȐIJȚĮʌȩȜȣIJĮijȣıȚȠȜȠȖȚțȩ
ǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚIJȡȓĮȘȤȘIJȚțȐıȒȝĮIJĮ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ*ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
28
EL
ƲƺƴƯƣƵƳƱƲƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƵƧƵƩƥƧƶƴƩƵƱƶƬƣƷƧ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑțĮȚȞĮ
ȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıĮȢȖȚĮȞĮʌȡȠıĮȡȝȩıİIJİIJȘȖİȪıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑıIJȚȢʌȡȠIJȚȝȒıİȚȢıĮȢ
ƳǞljǍNJǔLjǕLjǓǑǂǒdžǘǝǍdžǎLjǓǑǐǔǝǕLjǕǂǓǎdžǒǐǞDŽNJǂǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJƿDŽNJǂǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJǂ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑȤȡȩȞȠȢʌĮ-
ȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǾʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘțĮIJȐʌȩıȠșĮİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȢĮȜȜȐțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮIJȘȢ
țȡȑȝĮȢǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȝİIJĮȕȐȜİIJİĮȣIJȒȞIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠȖȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿșȢȫȚȞțIJșijșȣʍįȢıȥȪȞıȟșȣʍȡIJȪijșijįȣȟıȢȡȫȗțįĴȝțijȘȑȟțȓȗțįĴȝțijȘȑȟțįʍȢȒʍıțȟį
ʍȢįȗȞįijȡʍȡțșȚıȔȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįʍįȢȡȥȓȣijȡȤȜįĴȒ
 īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠIJȠ țȠȣȝʌȓ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȩıȘȫȡĮȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚǾ ijȦIJİȚȞȒ
ȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚȘ
ijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ǺȐıİȚIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİȡȣșȝȓȗİIJĮȚȘ
ȞȑĮʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚȩIJȚȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȑȤİȚĮʌȠșȘțİȣșİȓ
 īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȩıȘȫȡĮȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚǾijȦIJİȚȞȒ
ȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚȘ
ijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ǺȐıİȚIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİȡȣșȝȓȗİIJĮȘȞȑĮ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚȩIJȚȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȑȤİȚĮʌȠșȘțİȣșİȓ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȞȤȡȩȞȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢıİȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİIJĮȟȪțĮȚįİȣIJİȡȠȜȑʌIJȦȞ
ƲǟǓǒǖljǍǀLJdžǕǂNJLjljdžǒǍǐNjǒǂǔǀǂǕǐǖNjǂǗƾ
 ǼȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩ-
ȜİʌIJĮȅȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣ
țȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞİȞĮȜȜȐȟǼȐȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȞĮȕȖİȓIJİĮʌȩIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠ-
ȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
 īȚĮȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ 
ǹȞȐȕİȚȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮʌȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıIJȠʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮ
ĭȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘ
ȋĮȝȘȜȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ&
ĭȦIJİȚȞȑȢ ȜȣȤȞȓİȢ ȖȚĮ  ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
 țĮȚ ȖȚĮ  ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ 
ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞİȢ
ȂȑIJȡȚĮșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ&
ĭȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚȘ
ijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞİȢ
ȊȥȘȜȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ&
 ȅȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪ
ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞİȞĮȜȜȐȟ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȤĮȝȘȜȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȝȑIJȡȚĮșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞȣȥȘȜȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ǾijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚȩIJȚȘșİȡȝȠ-
țȡĮıȓĮȑȤİȚĮʌȠșȘțİȣșİȓǾıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚįȣȠȘȤȘIJȚțȐıȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȕȖĮȓȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĮʌȩIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
29
EL
ƲǟǓǒǖljǍǀLJdžǕdžǕǐǎǃǂljǍǝǔNjnjLjǒǝǕLjǕǂǓǕǐǖǎdžǒǐǞ
ǹȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȞȕĮșȝȩıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȞıȣȞȠȜȚțȩĮȡȚșȝȩțĮijȑįȦȞ
ʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌĮȡĮıțİȣȐıİIJİʌȡȚȞıĮȢȗȘIJȒıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮįȚİȞİȡȖȒıİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞīȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
 ǼȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ
ȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩ-
ȜİʌIJĮȅȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞțȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣ
țȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞİȞĮȜȜȐȟǼȐȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȞĮȕȖİȓIJİĮʌȩIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠ-
ȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
 īȚĮȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȞȕĮșȝȩıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ 
ǹȞȐȕİȚȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮʌȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıIJȠʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮ
ĭȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘ
īȜȣțȩȞİȡȩ
ĭȦIJİȚȞȑȢ ȜȣȤȞȓİȢ ȖȚĮ  ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
 țĮȚ ȖȚĮ  ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ 
ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞİȢ
ǾȝȓıțȜȘȡȠȞİȡȩ
ĭȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚȘ
ijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ
ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞİȢ
ȈțȜȘȡȩȞİȡȩ
 ȅȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪ
ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ĮȡȤȓȗȠȣȞȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞİȞĮȜȜȐȟ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȖȜȣțȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȘȝȓıțȜȘȡȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȤȡȒıȘıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǾijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮ IJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚ ijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮ ȞĮ įİȓȟİȚȩIJȚȠ
ȕĮșȝȩȢ ıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮȢ IJȠȣ ȞİȡȠȪ ȑȤİȚ ĮʌȠșȘțİȣșİȓ Ǿ ıȣıțİȣȒ İțʌȑȝʌİȚįȣȠ ȘȤȘIJȚțȐ ıȒȝĮIJĮ țĮȚ ȕȖĮȓȞİȚ
ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĮʌȩIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
īȜȣțȩȞİȡȩ ǾȝȓıțȜȘȡȠȞİȡȩ ȈțȜȘȡȩȞİȡȩ
G+ G+G+ !G+
I+ I+I+ !I+
PJO PJO !PJO
ƲƺƴƯƣƧƵƱƫƮƣƴƧƵƧƵƱƣƷƳƱƥƣƭƣƥƫƣƵƱƯƬƣƷƧ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚıIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&ǼȚț
ǼȐȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮȝİȖȐȜȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&țĮȚIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ǼȚț
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚıIJȘıȤȐȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢIJȦȞijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȫȞ(ǼȚț
 ǼIJȠȚȝȐıIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȆȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚİʌİȞįİįȣȝȑȞȠȝİȜȐıIJȚȤȠȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȪȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚĮIJȝȩʌȠȣİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȚıIJİȓıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚĮȡȡȠȒȢ
ĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
 ȈIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,ʌȡȠȢIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ǼȚț
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ
ǾijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮ-
ȕȠıȕȒȞİȚțĮȚȘ ıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮ ȘȤȘIJȚțȩıȒȝĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİ ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ ĮȞȐȥİȚ ıIJĮșİȡȐȘ ijȦIJİȚȞȒ
ȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩțĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮİțʌȑȝȥİȚįȪȠȘȤȘIJȚțȐıȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣįİȓȤȞȠȣȞȩIJȚȘ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıIJȠȞȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȑȤİȚijIJȐıİȚıİȕȑȜIJȚıIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
30
EL
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠ ȝʌȡȓțȚȝİ IJȠ ȖȐȜĮ ʌȠȣ șȑȜİIJİȞĮ ȤIJȣʌȒıİIJİțȐIJȦ ĮʌȩIJȠ ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,
 ǺȣșȓıIJİȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,ȝȑıĮıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚȝİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚț
ǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚĮIJȝȩ
 ǹȞĮțȚȞȒıIJİțĮȚ ʌİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİ IJȠȝʌȡȓțȚ ȝİ IJȠ ȖȐȜĮ țĮșȫȢȕȖĮȓȞİȚ Ƞ ĮIJȝȩȢĮʌȩ IJȠ ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,
ȉȠȖȐȜĮİȓȞĮȚİʌĮȡțȫȢȤIJȣʌȘȝȑȞȠȩIJĮȞİȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓĮijȡȩȢȝȑıĮıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚǼȚț
 ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘ
ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
dzʍıțijįįʍȪȜȑȚıȥȢȓIJșįĴȓIJijıȟįıȜȢıȫIJıțįijȞȪȣȗțįȞıȢțȜȑİıȤijıȢȪȝıʍijįʍȢȡȜıțȞȒȟȡȤȟįȜįȚįȢȔ
IJıijıijșȟȡʍȓIJijȡIJȧȝșȟȑȜțʍįȢȡȥȓȣįijȞȡȫȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫįʍȪijȤȥȪȟȜįijȑȝȡțʍįȗȑȝįȜijȡȣ
ȌȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȒȟįȞįȝįȜȪȤȗȢȪʍįȟȔȗțįȟįȜįȚįȢȔIJıijıijșȟȡʍȓIJijȡIJȧȝșȟȑȜțʍįȢȡȥȓȣįijȞȡȫ
ȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫȜįțijȡȞıijįȝȝțȜȪIJȧȝșȟȑȜț
ǽȑȟ IJȥșȞįijțIJijȡȫȟ Ȟıȗȑȝıȣ ĴȤIJįȝȔİıȣ IJijȡȟ įĴȢȪ ȥijȤʍȓIJijı ıȝįĴȢȑ ijȡ ȞʍȢȔȜț Ȟı ijȡ ȗȑȝį ȗțį ȟį
ıȠįȝıȔȦıijıijțȣȞıȗįȝȫijıȢıȣĴȤIJįȝȔİıȣ
 ȇȓȟIJİIJȠĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȝȑıĮıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑʌȠȣİIJȠȚȝȐıĮIJİʌȡȠȘȖȠȣȝȑȞȦȢ
ƧƲƣƯƣƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƩƥƫƣƬƣƷƧ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮ ĮijȒıİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ ȘıȣıțİȣȒ ʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮ İIJȠȚȝȐıİIJİțĮȚ ȐȜȜȠȞ țĮijȑĮȝȑıȦȢ ȝİIJȐIJȘȞ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩȖȚĮȞĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȠȪ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚț
ǹȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮ IJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮ ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ țĮȚȘ ıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮ
ȕȖȐȗİȚȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
Ǿ ʌĮȡȠȤȒ ȗİıIJȠȪ ȞİȡȠȪ șĮ İʌȚIJȡȑȥİȚ ıIJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ȞĮ țȡȣȫıİȚ ȖȡȘȖȠȡȩIJİȡĮ ǵIJĮȞ Ș ıȣıțİȣȒ ijIJȐıİȚ
ıIJȘȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮĮȡȤȓȗȠȣȞȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞțȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ țĮȚȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ 
 ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȞİʌȩȝİȞȠțĮijȑ
ƲƺƴƥƫƯƧƵƣƫƲƣƳƱƸƩƨƧƴƵƱƶƯƧƳƱƶ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȆȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚİʌİȞįİįȣȝȑȞȠȝİȜȐıIJȚȤȠȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȪȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚĮIJȝȩʌȠȣİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȚıIJİȓıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚĮȡȡȠȒȢ
ĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚıIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&ǼȚț
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ
ǼȚț
ǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
 ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
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ƸƳƩƴƫƮƧƴƴƶƮƤƱƶƭƧƴƥƫƣƯƣƧƲƫƵƶƸƧƵƧƧƯƣƯƬƣƭƱƫƵƣƭƫƬƱ
ƬƣƷƧ
ȅĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİȜĮijȡȐȅțĮijȑȢșĮİȓȞĮȚʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠ
ȒȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮʌȠȣIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚIJȠȕĮșȝȩıȣȝʌȓİıȒȢIJȠȣȁȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮĮȡțȠȪȞȖȚĮȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȖİȝȓıȠȣȞIJĮijȜȚIJȗĮȞȐțȚĮ
ȝİțĮijȑǼȐȞȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚȝİʌȚȠĮȡȖȩȡȣșȝȩıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȐȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȢȒʌȦȢȑȤİȚ
ıȣȝʌȚİıIJİȓȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȐȘıțȩȞȘțĮijȑʌȠȣȕȐȜĮIJİȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ƥƧƮƫƴƮƣƵƱƶƦƱƸƧƫƱƶƯƧƳƱƶƬƣƵƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȞșȡĮțȠȪȤȠȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠ-
IJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞșȑIJİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚȐįİȚȠ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
 ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
 ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ1ǼȚț
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞș0$;
 ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİȩIJȚȘıȣıțİȣȒșĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓıȦıIJȐʌĮIJȒıIJİȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıȪijțȒȥıijıijȡʍȡȚıijȓIJıțIJȧIJijȑijȡİȡȥıȔȡȟıȢȡȫİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșIJȤIJȜıȤȓıȟİȒȥıijįțȟįȞșȟ
ȖȗȑȝıțȜįĴȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȪȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚĮIJȝȩʌȠȣİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȚıIJİȓıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚĮȡȡȠȒȢ
ĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒİȟĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓȞĮȝȘȞȕȖȐȗİȚțĮijȑĮijȠȪȑȤİIJİȖİȝȓıİȚțĮȚİʌĮȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚ
ıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ*ǼȚț
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚț
ǼțțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮįİȓIJİȞĮȕȖĮȓȞİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪ,
 ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ıIJȘșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
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ƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƣƣƶƵƱƮƣƵƩƴƣƲƧƯƧƳƥƱƲƱƫƩƴƩƴ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒįȚĮșȑIJİȚıȪıIJȘȝĮĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȘȢĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȠȣȢȞȑȠȣȢțĮȞȠȞȚıȝȠȪȢȖȚĮ
IJȘȞİȞİȡȖİȚĮțȒțĮIJĮȞȐȜȦıȘDzʌİȚIJĮĮʌȩȜİʌIJȐĮįȡȐȞİȚĮȢȘıȣıțİȣȒșĮıȕȒıİȚīȚĮȞĮİIJȠȚȝȐıİIJİȑȞĮȞ
țĮijȑʌȐȜȚșĮȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİȟĮȞȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢȒIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ 
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ IJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ȒIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ*ǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚıIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌĮȡĮıțİȣȒȢțĮijȑĮȞȐȕȠȣȞıIJĮșİȡȐȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ 
țĮȚȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ 
ƴƶƴƵƩƮƣƲƳƱƴƵƣƴƫƣƴ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįȚĮșȑIJİȚĮȚıșȘIJȒȡĮșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮȞȚȤȞİȪİȚIJȣȤȩȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢʌȤȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦ-
ȝĮĮȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐIJȘȞİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȒIJȘȢȈİĮȣIJȑȢIJȚȢʌİȡȚʌIJȫıİȚȢĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞ
țȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ǾıȣıțİȣȒ
İțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȘȤȘIJȚțȩıȒȝĮțĮȚȝʌĮȓȞİȚıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢDzʌİȚIJĮĮʌȩʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȝʌĮȓȞİȚıİțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘĮȞĮȝȠȞȒȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȅIJĮțIJȚțȩȢțĮȚțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȩȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢįȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȒțĮȚʌĮȡĮIJİȓȞİȚIJȠȞȤȡȩȞȠȗȦȒȢIJȘȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒ
țĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩ-
ȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıțȩȞȘȒȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐİȡȖĮȜİȓĮȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞȤĮȡȐȟİIJİȒʌȡȠțĮȜȑ-
ıİIJİijșȠȡȐıIJȚȢȤĮȜȪȕįȚȞİȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎǗǀnjǕǒǚǎǑǐǖǑdžǒNJƾǘǐǖǎNjǂǗƾǔdžǔNjǝǎLj
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȠȚȠʌȑȢįİȞȑȤȠȣȞijȡȐȟİȚǹijȒıIJİȞĮȕȖİȚȕȡĮıIJȩȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȠȣșĮȑȤİIJİ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚȤȦȡȓȢĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȒȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑȒȐȜȜİȢ
ĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǺȖȐȜIJİțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȓıİȚȜȩȖȦİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȢİȞĮ-
ʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮȢʌȓİıȘȢ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİİʌȚȝİȜȫȢIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣțȐșİȝȒȞİȢȝİʌĮıIJȓȜȚİȢȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȦȞ
ijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣįȚĮIJȓșİȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝȚĮʌĮıIJȓȜȚĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑ
 ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ4ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮİțțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
 ǹijȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮıIJȓȜȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȒıİȚIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
 ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİ IJȘ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ ȞİȡȠȪ ǹijȒıIJİ ȞĮ ȟİțȠȣȡĮıIJİȓ ȖȚĮ ȑȞĮ ȜİʌIJȩ ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİ IJȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȖȚĮțȪțȜȠȣȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
țĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞİIJİȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
33
EL
 ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
 ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȖȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚ-
țȠȪǼȚț
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮȚȖȚĮIJĮįȪȠijȓȜIJȡĮ
ǼȐȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ țĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȐ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ țĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞțȐșİIJȡİȚȢȝȒȞİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓƾDžǒǂǓǔǕdžǒƾǚǔLjǓǕLjǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤĮȜȐıİȚȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȘȞ
ȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȁȩȖȦȤȡȒıȘȢİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮıȣııȦȡİȣIJȠȪȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJĮ
ȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚțȒĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȞİȡȩ
ȤȦȡȓȢȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ǹȣIJȒȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȑțʌȜȣıȘȢIJȘȢȑįȡĮȢıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚʌİ-
ȡȓʌȠȣĮȞȐʌĮȡȠȤȑȢțĮijȑ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮİțțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚ
ȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚȞİȡȩȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮȕȖȠȣȞIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞPOȞİȡȩ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǕǐǔǚnjLjǎƽNjNJǑǂǒǐǘƿǓǂǕǍǐǞLJdžǔǕǐǞǎdžǒǐǞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮȞĮ
ĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȣȤȩȞȑȖțĮȣȝĮ
DzʌİȚIJĮĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮ-
țȡȪȞİIJİIJȣȤȩȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȣȤȩȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
 īȣȡȓıIJİ IJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩ țȠȣȝʌȓ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ ȞİȡȠȪ ıIJȘ șȑıȘ ȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ
 ǼȚț
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮȕȖİȚĮIJȝȩȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
 ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ*ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ȀĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJĮțIJȚțȐIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
 ȉȡĮȕȒȟIJİȑȟȦIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚǼȚțțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚİʌİȞįİįȣȝȑȞȠȝİȜȐıIJȚȤȠ
ıIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦȆȜȪȞİIJİȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘȞȠʌȒȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓ
 ǼʌĮȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ+ȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢīȚĮȞĮʌİȡȐıİIJİIJȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚİʌİȞįİ-
įȣȝȑȞȠȝİȜȐıIJȚȤȠıʌȡȫȟIJİIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǎdžǒǐǞ
ȀĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJĮțIJȚțȐIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȒȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǔǟǍǂǕǐǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıțȩȞȘ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮıIJĮșİȡȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİIJİijșȠȡȑȢıIJȘȞ
İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
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ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǂǑǐǔǑǟǍdžǎLjǓǔǘƽǒǂǓNjǂNJǕǐǖNjƽDžǐǓǔǖnjnjǐDŽƿǓǖDŽǒǟǎ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒțĮȚIJȠijȚȢĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİ-
ȝȑȞȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ǹįİȚȐȗİIJİıȣȤȞȐIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'
ȅțȐįȠȢıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞįȚĮșȑIJİȚijȜȠIJȑȡ)ǵIJĮȞIJȠijȜȠIJȑȡİȟȑȡȤİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮıȘȝĮȓ-
ȞİȚʌȦȢȠțȐįȠȢıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞİȓȞĮȚȖİȝȐIJȠȢȞİȡȩțĮȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠȞĮįİȚȐıİIJİ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ǼȚț
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&ǼȚț
 ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ıIJȠȞİȡȠȤȪIJȘ
 ȆȜȪȞİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞțĮȚIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮȝİijȡȑıțȠȞİȡȩ
 ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
 ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ&ıIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ǼȚț
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞ'ıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
ƣƷƣƫƳƧƴƩƣƭƣƵƺƯ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȟȪįȚțĮȚȐȜȜĮʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȪȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚĮIJȝȩʌȠȣİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȚıIJİȓıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚĮȡȡȠȒȢ
ĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȅȚIJĮțIJȚțȑȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪıȣȞIJȘȡȠȪȞțĮȚįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȒIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮ
ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮİȞȫʌĮȡȐȜȜȘȜĮȝİȚȫȞȠȣȞĮȚıșȘIJȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞȝȑıĮ
ıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȍıIJȩıȠİȐȞȑʌİȚIJĮĮʌȩțĮȚȡȩȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȗȘȝȚȫȞİIJĮȚȜȩȖȦIJȘȢıȣȤȞȒȢȤȡȒıȘȢ
ıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȖİȝȐIJȠȣȐȜĮIJĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıİIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮ
IJȘȞİʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİıIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢīȚĮIJȠȞıțȠʌȩĮȣIJȩȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȑȞĮʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞȝİȕȐıȘIJȠțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪȉȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮȣIJȩȝʌȠȡİȓIJİİȪțȠȜĮȞĮIJȠʌȡȠȝȘșİȣIJİȓIJİĮʌȩIJĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢ
İȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢ
ȆȜįijįIJȜıȤįIJijȓȣİıȟĴȒȢıțȜįȞȔįıȤȚȫȟșȗțįijȤȥȪȟȘșȞțȒȣIJijįıIJȧijıȢțȜȑȞȒȢșijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣʍȡȤ
ȡĴıȔȝȡȟijįțIJijșȥȢȓIJșʍȢȡȨȪȟijȧȟʍȡȤıȔȟįțįȜįijȑȝȝșȝįȝȪȗȧijȧȟȥșȞțȜȬȟʍȢȪIJȚıijȧȟʍȡȤʍıȢțȒ
ȥȡȤȟ
Ǿ ıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ țĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓ Įʌȩ IJĮ ȐȜĮIJĮ ȩIJĮȞ ȠȚ ijȦIJİȚȞȑȢ ȜȣȤȞȓİȢ IJȦȞ țȠȣȝʌȚȫȞ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ ȖȚĮ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞıIJĮșİȡȐțĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
İțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȘȤȘIJȚțȩıȒȝĮǹțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ*ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚțǹʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢ
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ
ĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȞĮȞĮȡțİIJȐȝİȖȐȜȠʌİȡȚȑțIJȘʌȠȣ
ȤȦȡȐİȚIJȠȞİȡȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪʌȡȠȢIJȠȞʌİȡȚȑțIJȘ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ*ǼȚț
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ
ȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıȠȣȞȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞ
İȞĮȜȜȐȟȠȚijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞțȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣ
țȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ 
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 ȆĮIJȒıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ ǼțțȚȞİȓIJĮȚIJȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞțĮȚIJȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮ
ʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȕȖĮȓȞİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ%
 īȚĮȞĮʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ȉȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮ
ĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȕȖĮȓȞİȚĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,
ȉĮȚȗȒȝĮIJĮȐȜĮIJȠȢĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
DzʌİȚIJĮĮʌȩȝİȡȚțȑȢʌȜȪıİȚȢțĮȚʌĮȪıİȚȢȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚȠțȪțȜȠȢĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮʌȠȣʌİȡȓııİȥİĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȄİʌȜȪȞİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩ
ȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮǼțțȚȞİȓIJĮȚȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȑțʌȜȣıȘȢțĮȚ
IJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİIJĮȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȕȖĮȓȞİȚĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,
 īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮȟİʌȜȪȞİIJİIJȠțȪțȜȦ-
ȝĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
DzʌİȚIJĮĮʌȩȝİȡȚțȑȢʌȜȪıİȚȢțĮȚʌĮȪıİȚȢȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚȠțȪțȜȠȢȑțʌȜȣıȘȢǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮ
ȤȡȒıȘ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
ƪƧƴƩƧƬƵƱƴƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƣƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȞĮșȑıİIJİİțIJȩȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJȠȞĮIJȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞįȑ-
ıİIJİȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȠȖȚțȐǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢȣȖȡȫȞțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠȞȕȜİȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢªȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮʌȩıȣȡıȘȢİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȖțĮȓȠȞĮįȚĮȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȣȜȚțȐ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȕȐıİȚıȪȞșİıȘȢȞĮIJĮĮʌȠȡȡȓȥİIJİıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢțİȓȝİȞİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢʌȠȣȑȤİȚșİıʌȓıİȚȘ
ȤȫȡĮȩʌȠȣȖȓȞİIJĮȚȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
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ƱƦƩƥƱƴƧƲƫƭƶƴƩƴƱƳƫƴƮƧƯƺƯƲƳƱƤƭƩƮƣƵƺƯ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȣıȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
IJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǹ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȃǼȇīǼǿǼȈ
ǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌĮȡȠȤȒ
țĮijȑȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ĮȡȖȐ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0įİȞȑȤİȚ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıȦıIJȐ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪțĮȚıʌȡȫȟIJİIJȠ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚȐįİȚȠ īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȅȚȠʌȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑıĮ
ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȤȠȣȞ
ijȡȐȟİȚ
ĬȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǼȐȞIJȠȞİȡȩ
ıȣȞİȤȓıİȚȞĮȝȘȞİțȡȑİȚȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮĮʌȩȩȜİȢIJȚȢȠʌȑȢ
ʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
IJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȑȤİȚ
ijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘIJȘȞȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮȞʌİȡȚȑțIJȘțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,țĮȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠ
ʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ/ȖȚĮȞĮȝİȚȫıİIJİIJȘȞ
ʌȓİıȘıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣțȣțȜȫȝĮIJȠȢȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ
ȕȖȐȜIJİțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȓıİȚȜȩȖȦİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȢİȞĮʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮȢ
ʌȓİıȘȢȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮIJȘijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞ
İȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮijȑ
ıİıțȩȞȘª
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȥȚȜȐ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮȤĮȡȝȐȞȚȝİʌȚȠ
ȤȠȞIJȡȩȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢ
ǾıțȩȞȘIJȠȣțĮijȑȑȤİȚ
ıȣȝʌȚİıIJİȓȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȐ
ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ǺȐȜIJİȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑĮʌȩIJĮ
ȐțȡĮIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȆȚșĮȞȫȢȞĮȑȤİȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȝİĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮȞĮıĮȢ
İȝʌȠįȓȗİȚȞĮıijȓȖȖİIJİȝȑȤȡȚ
IJȑȜȠȣȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚțǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİ
IJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȈIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢȑįȡĮȢ
ıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ
țĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ĭȡȠȞIJȓıIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȝȚĮ
ȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȒȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
IJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȑȤİȚ
ijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘIJȘȞȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮȞʌİȡȚȑțIJȘțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ,țĮȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠ
ʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ/ȖȚĮȞĮȝİȚȫıİIJİIJȘȞ
ʌȓİıȘıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣțȣțȜȫȝĮIJȠȢȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ
ȕȖȐȜIJİțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȚIJıȚȜȓıİȚȜȩȖȦİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȢİȞĮʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮȢ
ʌȓİıȘȢȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮIJȘijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞ
İȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮijȑ
ıİıțȩȞȘª
ǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣįİȞȑȤİȚ
ıIJİȡİȦșİȓıȦıIJȐ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİıIJİȡİȫıİȚțĮȜȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮǼȚț
37
EL
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǹ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȃǼȇīǼǿǼȈ
ǾʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȖȡȒȖȠȡĮ
ǾıțȩȞȘțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȤȠȞIJȡȐĮȜİıȝȑȞȘ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ǾıțȩȞȘIJȠȣțĮijȑȑȤİȚ
ıȣȝʌȚİıIJİȓȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȐ
ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠįİȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
İʌĮȡțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠ
ijȓȜIJȡȠ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȕȖȐȗİȚ
ĮIJȝȩ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȑijIJĮıİ
ıIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚıIJĮșİȡȐȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮ
IJȠȣțȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȠȞĮIJȝȩIJȠȠʌȠȓȠįİȓȤȞİȚȩIJȚȘ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıIJȠȞȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȑȤİȚijIJȐıİȚıİȕȑȜIJȚıIJȠ
İʌȓʌİįȠȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚȐįİȚȠ īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİijȡȑıțȠijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0įİȞȑȤİȚ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıȦıIJȐ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪțĮȚıʌȡȫȟIJİIJȠ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮIJȣȤȩȞȚȗȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞ
ıȤȘȝĮIJȚıIJİȓıIJȘȞȠʌȒĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮ
©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢıIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪªǼȐȞIJȠʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȘȞ
ĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȊʌȐȡȤİȚȞİȡȩȝȑıĮ
ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮțĮȚıIJȘ
ȕȐıȘIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ0įİȞȑȤİȚ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıȦıIJȐ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪțĮȚıʌȡȫȟIJİIJȠ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȑȜȠȣȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțȐȞİȚ
ʌİȡȓİȡȖȠșȩȡȣȕȠ
țĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
țĮijȑ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘ
ĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞIJȡĮȕȐİȚ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİʌĮȡțİȓȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠǼȐȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİijȡȑıțȠ
ijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;
ǹȞȐȕȠȣȞıIJĮșİȡȐȠȚ
ijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞ
țȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ǹʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚĮijĮȓȡİıȘ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȆȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞȕȜİȞȩIJȘIJĮ
©ǹijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞª
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚ
ȑȞĮȘȤȘIJȚțȩıȒȝĮțĮȚ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞȠȚįȪȠ
ijȦIJİȚȞȑȢȜȣȤȞȓİȢIJȦȞ
țȠȣȝʌȚȫȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚȖȚĮ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȉȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪ/İȓȞĮȚıIJȘșȑıȘ
ĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪıIJȘșȑıȘ
.
ǾșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıIJȠȞ
ȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȣȥȘȜȒ
ȆȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȥȪȟȘȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ
ıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ǼʌĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮțĮijȑª
ȅțĮijȑȢʌȠȣȕȖĮȓȞİȚ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚȗİıIJȩȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȑȤİȚ
ijIJȐıİȚĮțȩȝĮıIJȘıȦıIJȒ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚıIJĮșİȡȐȘijȦIJİȚȞȒȜȣȤȞȓĮIJȠȣ
țȠȣȝʌȚȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
įİȞȝʌĮȓȞİȚ
țĮȜȐıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢ
ȆȚșĮȞȫȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȞĮȑȤİȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ǺȐȜIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ